FESS:
An animal model has been devised to allow trainees in nasal and sinus endoscopy to develop basic instrument handling and psychomotor skills, without risk to patients.The sheep's head obtained from the abattoir was modified slightly to simulate more closely the human situation. The model permits nasendoscopy, foreign body removal, septoplasty, turbinate reduction, frontal and maxillary sinoscopy, antrostomy and an epistaxis exercise. To date the tissues have been used freshly thawed, and must be used on the day of preparation.
Laryngeal Surgery:
Dissecting bovine larynges offers a valuable aid to training in the field of laryngeal surgery. It is intended to apply these dissections in the form of a departmental surgical workshop.
Pituitary:
Based upon similar anatomical relationships in humans and swine between the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and skull base,dissectors used a transoral, transpalatal approach to access the vomer of the swine. Under endoscopic exposure, they resected the vomer, entered the sphenoid sinus, and then resected the sphenoid septum, sella turcica, and adenohypophysis. Clear visualization of the pituitary, hypophyseal stalk, cavernous sinuses, and carotid prominences was achieved and documented with digital photography.
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