Reed-Sternberg cells

Reed-Sternberg cells are large and are either multinucleated or have a bilobed nucleus (thus resembling an "owl's eye" appearance) with prominent eosinophilic inclusion-like nucleoli.The presence of these cells is necessary in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma - absence of Reed-Sternberg cells has very high negative predictive value. They can also be found in reactive lymphadenopathy (such as infectious mononucleosis, carbamazepine associated lymphadenopathy) and very rarely non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Esophageal Manometry

An esophageal motility study (EMS) or esophageal manometry is a test to assess motor function of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES), Esophageal body and Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES).

An EMS is typically done to evaluate suspected disorders of motility or peristalsis of the esophagus. These include achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. These disorders typically present with dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, usually to both solids and liquids even initially. Other patients with spasm disorders may have the test done to diagnose chest pain thought not to be of cardiac cause. The test is not useful for anatomical disorders of the esophagus (that is, disorders that distort the anatomy of the esophagus), such as peptic strictures and esophageal cancer.

22nd workshopMicrosurgery of the Ear,12-13 February,2011,Gangaram Hospital ,Delhi

Course : 22nd Workshop of Microsurgery of the Ear

Date : 12th and 13th February,2011

Venue : Sir Ganga ram Hospital.

Contact : Dr Shalabh 09810121977
Registration fees for students is Rs1000/- and on spot registration is Rs1200/-
Delegates is Rs 1500/- and on spot registration is Rs2000/-
Cheque/DD to be sent in favour of " microsurgery of the Ear course" at following address
Dr.Shalabh Sharma
E-14/4B,
Vasant Vihar,
New Delhi-110057


There will be live interactive sessions on middle ear and mastoid surgeries, ossiculoplasties using prosthesis,BAHA surgery and facial nerve decompression and grafting.

Demonstration of temporal bone dissection and session of discussion on different aspects of middle ear and mastoind surgeries will also be held.

Temporal Bone Dissection course,March 5- 6,2011,Kurnool ,AP

2nd Hands on Temporal Bone Dissection Work Shop 2011
March - 5th & 6th 2011

CLICK HERE FOR BROCHURE
Venue & Workshop Secretariat :
SRI SATHYA SAI ENT HOSPITAL
N.R.Peta, KURNOOL. Andra Pradesh
PH: 9440293940 ; 08518-224910.
E-mail: entjpreddy@yahoo.co.in
Course Director : Dr.B. Jayaprakash Reddy

Faculty
: Dr. Prahalad N.B, Banglore
Course Coordinators : Dr. Nadeem, Dr. Murali Krishna
Dr. Srinivas Kishore, Dr. Srinivasulu, Dr. Praveen
Fee Particulars
Post graduates
Rs. 3500/-
Consultants
Rs. 5000/-

Limited seats first come first serve basis
Please pay after confirmation by course director
DD must be made in favor of
SRI SATYASAI ENT HOSPITAL payable at Kurnool
Kumar Reddy, Dr.Govindaraj

Life and Experiences of Dr. Paparella

CLICK HERE TO READ

OK-432: An effective sclerosing agent for the treatment of lymphangiomas of head and neck

OK-432: An effective sclerosing agent for the treatment of
lymphangiomas of head and neck
Baskota DK, Singh BB, Sinha BK
Assoc Professor, Department of ENT-Head & Neck Surgery, TU Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu.
FCPS Resident (II year), Department of ENT-Head & Neck Surgery, TU - Teaching Hospital,
Professor & Unit Chief, Department
of ENT - Head & Neck Surgery, TU Teaching Hospital
Abstract
Objective: The basic objective of this study was to find out the efficacy of OK-432 for the conservative treatment of
lymphangiomas of head and neck regions at the Department of ENT-Head & Neck Surgery of Tribhuvan University
Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: It was a hospital based prospective, cross-sectional, case series, conducted among the patients suffering
from different lymphangiomas of head and neck regions and treated with intra-lesional injection of OK-432, from
March, 2005 to September 2006. Altogether eleven patients were enrolled in this modality of treatment out of which
one patient was excluded from the study, which was treated surgically due to very ugly scar at the site of lesion
resulting from previous surgery for the same. The data were analyzed by using simple mathematical tools like
percentage and frequency.
Results: Out of ten patients treated with intralesional injection of OK-432, absolute response, i.e. total resolution of
swelling was found in nine patients (90%) after the first dose. Remaining one patient also responded well on the
treatment but some residual swelling was in situ for which second dose was given. After the second dose it was also
totally resolved. In this way we achieved 100% response after the second dose of OK-432.
Conclusion: The results of this study so far indicate that OK-432 is an effective and safe tool for the treatment of
lymphangioma of head and neck region. As the procedure can be done in an out patient department, without
hospitalization and has got minimal side effects, it can be proposed as the first line treatment of lymphangiomas of
head and neck.
Key words: Lymphangioma, OK-432, Sclerotherapy, Sclerosing agent, Head and Neck
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Photodynamic therapy of bacterial and fungal biofilm infections.

Methods Mol Biol. 2010;635:175-94.

Photodynamic therapy of bacterial and fungal biofilm infections.
Biel MA.

Virginia Piper Cancer Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Abstract
Biofilms have been found to be involved in a wide variety of microbial infections in the body, by one estimate 80% of all infections. Infectious processes in which biofilms have been implicated include common problems such as urinary tract infections, catheter infections, middle-ear infections, sinusitis, formation of dental plaque, gingivitis, coating contact lenses, endocarditis, infections in cystic fibrosis, and infections of permanent indwelling devices such as joint prostheses and heart valves. Bacteria living in a biofilm usually have significantly different properties from free-floating bacteria of the same species, as the dense and protected environment of the film allows them to cooperate and interact in various ways. One benefit of this environment is increased resistance to detergents and antibiotics, as the dense extracellular matrix and the outer layer of cells protect the interior of the community. In some cases antibiotic resistance can be increased 1000-fold. Also, the biofilm bacteria excrete toxins that reversibly block important processes such as translation and protecting the cell from bactericidal antibiotics that are ineffective against inactive targets. In the head and neck area, biofilms are a major etiologic factor in periodontitis, wound infections, oral candidiasis, and sinus and ear infections. For the past several decades, photodynamic treatment has been reported in the literature to be effective in eradicating various microorganisms using different photosensitizers, different wavelengths of light, and different light sources. PDT has been further studied to demonstrate its effectiveness for the eradication of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This chapter will focus on the use of PDT in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant biofilms, antibiotic-resistant wound infections, and azole-resistant oral candidiasis using methylene blue-based photodynamic therapy.